Concrete-hardening



COATING OR PLASTIC UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CABLETON ELLIS, OF MONTCLAIR NEW JERSEY, AN'D mm 8. BIEDEBEB, OF NEWYORK, 11. r. concurs-marine.

1,348,099. Specification of Letters Patented July 27, 1920.

I Drawing. Application filed larch 28, 1915. Serial No. 18,428.

To all whom it may concern: a

Be it known that we, CARLETON ELLIs and IIERMAN S. Rmonnnn, citizens ofthe United States, and residents, res ectively, of Mont- 6 clair, in thecounty of ssex and State of New Jersey, and New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York, have invented certain new andusefulImprovements in Concrete-Hardening, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to concrete .ag egates or concrete structures andsur ace finishes and relates particularly to the production of hardsurfaces of cement or concrete especially suited as floor structures andthe like, all as more fully hereinafter described and as claimed.

One method of securing hard surfaces from cement materials is by theincorporation of iron te y sur acing concrete with ragmentary ironmaterial. Floors and sidewalks prepared in this manner have gi ven moreor less trouble especially under severe service conditions by rusti thusstaining the concrete an unpleasant rown color or making the surfacemottled and Streaky.

The present invention has for its 0 ject the production of acementstructure which is not open to the objectionable feature ofpronounced corrosion of the metal materialand yet which will afford afirm hard floor composition capable of resisting wear satisv factorily.

According to the present invention in its preferred form, iron borin orturnin or other fragments 'of non, prefera y o rough jagged character orany other suitable form of iron or steel are coated with a layer of 40co r or other similar metal by an able galvano lastic, or chemical metad or otherwise. lectroplating methods may be employed, usinganysultable solution of copper for this purpose. By dipping the ironfragments into a solution of copper sulfate, the copper is despositedover the surface of the iron and a satisfactory coating; obtained. Tosecure the best results in t manner the iron or. steel fragments or 50'ules should be freed from or or'eign matter by washing with a solvent orby heating to burn'oif the (greasy material, which may be conducted ifesired oxidizing or in a reducing it relatively small amount 0atmosphere. A copper material suflices to effect the coatm diumcarbonate solution to prevent oxidain a nonthe forming a layer ofany-dec as a desired and the jagged grains of iron, copper plated inthis manner, when introduced mto concrete material 've to the surface ahardness and durabi itywhich is not easily obtainable by more perishablematerial such as has been heretofore employed in the art. The copperizedgrains adhere with great tenacity to the concrete and yet there is nodeterioration of the surface due to oxidation or changes of anundesirable character or of undesirable e ee.

her metalsof a less electropositive character than iron may be platedchemically on the iron surfaces to form a composite fragmentor duplexmetallic grain sufficiently coarse to form a stunt art of the wearuc ureof the concrete an ye ne enoug o rea corpora with the flooring materialwithout unfavorably modifying its texture;

When epositin the co r fr om copper sulfate M e'exFnarrgefit is esira ar removiiig flfi ilfipfiififlated fragments from the treat' solution tokeep the material away from an until the fragments have been freed ofthe acid liquor and dried. In the resence of sulfuric acid oxidationtakes p ace and co uently washing and drying should prefera ly be 86conducted romptly in order to secure the preferred orm of thecomposition bright coppery looking metal fragments which in the case ofthe jagged rough form of turnings or be ssess a fairly uniform 90 andwell distri ut coating of copper over the rojection or laments ofthe'jagged articles. The copper plated particles may washed with alcohoor with dilute sotion. In reference to the latter it should not beinferred that very coarse turnings are employed, as these are usuallyundesirable. A' medium coarseness lperhaps rep resented'by about 10 to30 mes ordinarily satisfactory as by such material the finedust which isordinarily undesirable is removed and the coarser materials which wouldafi'ect the texture of the floor unfavorably are not vpresent. The 105 gl. bai sp ang in .L isrexaenx ..9 i hfia eefii a T Incorporated withsire but preferably a mass of ag-. gregates such as a floor of concreteis formed no material is it the rough and is finished with a thin layerof the copperized iron material which may be troweled onto the freshlylaid surface. Or the copperized iron may be mixed 6 with concrete orwith Q1131 cement sprmkl' ed over the surface or app e not the trowel asthe case may be and troweled into the surface in any suitable manner.

In using the term iron herein it is understood that iron and steel orequivalent material is indicated and that the product of the presentinvention com rising such material has incorporated w1th it preferablyas a coating over the surface copper or simllar less electro-positiveelement or other dissimilar metallic material.

A specific example of an illustrative method of procedure in connectionwith the present invention is the following:

20 lbs. of iron nules of approximately 15 to'25 mes are immersed m asolution consisting of 1 lb. of er sulfate c stals dissolved in 8 quartsof water. he iron material is raked to an r0 for a period of orminutes-is then removed, washed, first in water and then given a finalrinse with a solution of 1 lb. soda ash in 4 gallons water, and then isquickly dried. It is applied to a mass of concrete having a wearingsurface of 100 square feet. A coating consisting of about equal arts ofthis copperized material and neat ortland 9gen 1s app 1e y trowe mg an te mixm d applied to such a te forms a fin- 35 ish surface which when ryand set has so far as we can observe a hardness and d rability andfreedom from oxidation, st ins and the like that render such aggregateespecially adapt ed for floors in oflice buildings 40 and high gradestructures where discoloration is objectionable.

The advantages of macadamia: cement hardenin are first cheapness, secondsatisfactor 'liar ening qualities and third 5 the desire efi'ectivebonding action. In a similar manner iron may be electrically plated toform granules having a zinc coatm which give a product COIDPI'lSlIlg arongly electro positlve metal coated on an electro negativemetal. Inthecase of co per this action is reversed which ordinari y 1s advantageousfrom the standpoint of the bonding action, that is to say, the morestrongly electro positive material used for the support for the electronegative material. he lattercondition and product represents thepreferred form or embodiment of our invention as illustratively setforth herein.

The term granules is used herein to embrace chips, turnings, filings andother irregular fragments of material operative in accordance with thepresent invention.

What we claim is 1. A structural mass of concrete formed with Portlandcement and containing a superficial layer carrying distributedtherethrough copperized granules of iron of a fineness approximatelybetween 15 and 25 mesh.

2. A structural mass of concrete havi a superficial layer containingdistribute therethrough copperized iron granules of a size between 10and 30 mesh and being substantially free from fine dust and beingsufficiently coarse to form a substantial part of the wearing structureof the concrete yet fine enough to be readily incorporated with theconcrete material without unfavorably modifying its texture.

3. A structural mass of concrete containing a superficial layer carryindistributed therethrough fine particles 0 copperized 1I0I1.

Signed at Montclair, in the county of Es- 5 sex and State of New Jersey,this 22nd day .of March, A. D. 1915.

CARLETON ELLIS. HERMAN S. RIEDERER. Witnesses:

W. O. HENKE, A. A. WELLS.

